1 What is soil testing and formula fertilization?
Soil testing and formula fertilization is carried out by testing soil nutrients. According to crop fertilizer requirements and target yields, experts recommend fertilizer application. Farmers apply fertilization formulas and fertilization methods according to experts. It mainly includes three parts: soil testing, reasonable formula and scientific fertilization.
2 Why do you need to conduct soil testing and formula fertilization?
There are 16 kinds of essential nutrients in plants. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are mainly derived from air and water. The main supply of soil can be divided into three categories: the first is that the relative amount of soil is relatively small, and the crops are more absorbed and utilized. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are called a large number of elements; the second type is relatively high in soil, crops need to be less, like calcium, magnesium, sulfur, etc., called medium-quantity elements; the third type is low in soil. Crops are also rarely needed, mainly copper, iron, zinc, boron, molybdenum, and chlorine, called trace elements. When the supply of certain nutrients in the soil is insufficient, it is necessary to supplement the fertilizer containing the nutrient elements, what is missing, what to make up; how much to make up, how much to make, so that the crop is full and not wasted. Achieve the balance between soil fertility and crops.
3. What are the benefits of soil testing and formula fertilization?
There are four major advantages in soil testing and formula fertilization: first, through soil testing, lack of sputum and sputum, how much to make up, avoiding fertilizer waste, reducing investment, and improving fertilizer utilization; second, nutrient supply coordination, crop resistance The improvement of disease ability has improved the quality of agricultural products; thirdly, it has increased grain production and increased income; and fourth, it has saved resources and protected the environment.
4. What is the progress of soil testing and fertilization in Hua County?
In addition to establishing 32 soil nutrient location monitoring points in the county, Huaxian County tests hundreds of soil samples every year to understand the soil nutrient content, and distributes fertilizer application cards to farmers; it provides the best fertilization formula for fertilizer companies. The enterprise produces high-quality formula fertilizer according to the formula, and supplies it directly to the farmers through the “reliable agricultural resource distribution networkâ€.
5. Why can't I apply a single fertilizer? Excessive fertilization?
First, the 16 elements necessary for crops are equally important and irreplaceable in crop growth. If one element is lacking, other elements can not be produced more efficiently. Second, if long-term application is given Nutrient elements, the accumulation of soil exceeds the crop requirement, affects the absorption of other elements by the crop, resulting in the lack of other elements, leading to poor crop growth. Third, the amount of fertilizer is too large, exceeding the crop requirement, affecting the normal growth of crops. It may even result in reduced production, degraded quality, increased disease, increased production costs, and low economic returns. Fourth, single fertilization and excessive fertilization will destroy nutrient balance and contaminate soil and groundwater. This reminds us that we should apply fertilizer reasonably, not single fertilization and excessive fertilization.
6. Is it better to use formula fertilizer than just one fertilizer?
Because the formula fertilizer is based on the test of soil nutrient content, according to the crop fertilizer characteristics, lack of sputum, strong target, high nutrient utilization rate, about 10% increase than the previous one or two elemental fertilizers.
7. How should wheat spring topdressing be carried out?
The spring topdressing of wheat should be “distributed by seedlings and classified managementâ€. For the three groups of wheat with small population and weak individual, especially the insufficient application of base fertilizer, the wheat field can be combined with watering and embedding 7-10 kg of wheat seeds or 20-30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate to improve nutrition. In the first and second types of wheat fields with reasonable base fertilizer and normal growth, the topdressing and watering can be postponed to the jointing stage; for high-yield and potassium-deficient soils, quick-acting potassium fertilizer or nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer should be applied.
8. What is the application effect of soil testing and formula fertilization?
Through the soil testing formula fertilization, the grain yield per acre is 30-50 kg, the cost is 3-10 yuan, and the total cost per mu is 30-60 yuan. Wang Zuzeng, a villager of Wangzhuang Town, Wangzhuang Town, the wheat fertilizer in the previous years was 100 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per acre, 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer, the investment of base fertilizer was about 46 yuan/mu, and the yield of wheat was 800 kg per mu. Li" brand formula fertilizer 20 kg / mu, investment less than 42 yuan, wheat yield of more than 900 kg per mu, increased income per mu more than 60 yuan.
Huaxian County Soil and Fertilizer Station
Author: Sui Ping Qin
From: Fertilizer technology
Phone: 5572020
With the continuous development of drilling production, the use conditions of drilling rigs have become more and more diversified, and various types of drilling rigs have appeared accordingly. Factors affecting the type and composition of drilling rigs include drilling method, drilling depth, borehole size and drilling tool size, and drilling area conditions (such as electricity or fuel, transportation, and meteorological conditions).
1. According to drilling method
(1) Impact drilling rigs, such as wire rope impact drilling rigs (drilling rigs), vibration drilling rigs, etc.
(2) Rotary drilling rigs, such as those used in rotary drilling.
(3) Downhole power drilling tools, such as rotary drilling tools, turbo drilling tools, screw drilling tools, electric drilling tools, etc.
2. Divided by drilling depth
(1) Ultra-deep well drilling rig. It adopts a drilling rig with a diameter of 114 mm drill pipe, a nominal drilling depth range of more than 7000 meters, and a maximum hook load of more than 4,500 kN.
(2) Deep well drilling rig. The drill rod is 114 mm in diameter, the nominal drilling depth is 4000-7000 meters or more, and the maximum hook load is 2250-4500 kN or more.
(3) Drilling rigs for medium and deep wells. It adopts a drilling rig with a diameter of 114 mm drill pipe, a nominal drilling depth range of 1500-4000 meters or more, and a maximum hook load of 900-2250 kN or more.
Three, according to power equipment
(1) Diesel Engine-driven drilling rigs, which use diesel engines as power through mechanical transmission or hydraulic transmission.
(2) AC driven drilling rig, suitable for use in oil fields with industrial power grids.
(3) The drilling rig is driven by direct current, and the working unit is driven by a direct current motor.
Fourth, according to the driving mode
(1) Drive alone. Each working machine is driven by generators of different sizes, which are mostly used for electric drive. The transmission is simple and easy to install, but the power utilization rate is low and the total equipment mass is large.
(2) Unified drive. The three working units of drawworks, drilling Pump and turntable are driven by the same power unit. Most drilling rigs use this scheme. The unified drive can also include only one drilling pump, and the other drilling pump is driven separately. The unified drive drilling rig has high power utilization and can be adjusted mutually when the engine fails, but the transmission is complicated, installation and adjustment are troublesome, and the transmission efficiency is low.
(3) Group drive. The combination of power is between individual drive and unified drive. There are two options for three working machines. The power utilization rate of this kind of drilling rig is higher than that of a single drive, and the transmission ratio is simple to drive in a unified manner. Two sets of working machines can also be installed on different heights and scattered sites.
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