First, the problem of soybean pests and diseases caused by pests and diseases is also serious. Root rot, cyst nematode, root larvae, gray spot, heartworm, soybean aphids and various weeds occur all year round, which has a large effect on soybean production. influences. Among them, cyst nematode occurs all year round and is seriously harmful, which is one of the main diseases of soybean production. In addition, the varieties have poor resistance, soil moisture and continuous disease, the disease is aggravated, the annual production is reduced by 10 to 30%, and the serious plot is reduced by 40 to 50%. Gray spot disease occurs more severely in individual years. The degree of occurrence depends on the source and climatic conditions of the field. If the total precipitation is large and rainy from July to August, the incidence is heavy. Root rot is the most important in human bean production. Diseases can occur from the seedling stage to the adult stage, and the madness is heavier at the seedling stage. When the sowing is too early, too deep, the soil temperature is low, and the water content is large, the incidence is heavy, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the disease is aggravated. Soybean food is one of the most important pests in soybean production, which seriously affects soybean quality and yield. The mature larvae overwinter in the soil near the rhizosphere of soybean, the second day of July, the second day of July, the larvae, the early August is the adult larvae, the middle of August, the middle to the end of August is the larval damage period, and the mature larvae are buried in the first half of September. Overwintering, the second year continues to be harmful, the degree of damage depends on the most watery and cultivars of the soil during the phlegm and emergence period, and the stalks on the pods are less, and the water content during the emergence of the phlegm is moderate. Soybean aphids are important pests in soybean production. In some years, they occur in local areas, and the losses are serious. From late June to early July, high temperature and low rainfall are beneficial to the onset. Generally, it occurs in mid-June. The most serious damage occurred in July, and there are many kinds of weeds in bean fields. Different areas and different plots vary widely, with 1-year-old grass weeds and broadleaf weeds prevalent. In recent years, with the long-term use of chemical agents, the succession of weed communities has accelerated, and the broad-leaved weeds and refractory grasses such as chicory and comfrey have become more harmful and extremely difficult to control.
Second, the comprehensive prevention and control technology for the occurrence and characteristics of human bean diseases and insect pests, after four years of exploration and practice, we have summarized the comprehensive prevention and control technology of green soybean pests and diseases, namely, agricultural control, biological control and chemical control Auxiliary, Qichuan high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides, and gradually replaced the chemical control with cattle control, and achieved good results.
1. Green soybean production should start from the whole ecosystem of crops such as pests and diseases, and comprehensively apply various control measures to create environmental conditions that are not conducive to pests and diseases and to the proliferation of various natural enemies, and to maintain the balance and biodiversity of agro-ecosystems. Reduce the damage caused by various pests and diseases.
(1) Select anti-(resistant) disease, anti-(resistant), and insect-resistant varieties to control the high-yield varieties (25), Hefeng 35, and Shannong 14 of the pests and diseases, increase soybean resistance, and reduce the types of drugs. And the amount of medication used to reduce pollution.
(2) Reasonable rotation, not to repeat the sputum, not to smash, not only can inhibit harmful pathogens in the soil, especially diseases such as root rot that are infested by soil residual sources, but also reduce the population of pests, on soybean borers and roots. The density of insects in both the fly and the two leaves has a good control effect, and has different degrees of control effects on soybean cyst nematode and root rot.
(3) Scientific fertilization Rational fertilization can improve the nutrient conditions of plants and improve the ability of plants to resist pests and diseases. When applying fertilizer, it should be based on farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, and formulating fertilization with Shichuan P and K fertilizer. Adjust the proportion of fertilization and promote the stratified deep fertilization technology.
(4) Strengthening cultivation and management Reasonable close planting, timely sowing, timely tillage and weeding, promote the robust growth of soybean plants and enhance the ability to resist pests and diseases. Through cultivating and weeding, mechanically breaking the pathogens and insect sources, reducing the source of pests and diseases, and achieving the purpose of preventing pests and diseases should be timely turned over in the autumn, destroying the wintering place of larvae, reducing the amount of overwintering bacteria, increasing the mortality of larvae, and eliminating wintering adults. To alleviate the harm of the coming year.
2. Biological control Biological control is the development direction of green soybean pests and diseases. The use of beneficial insects and tiny objects in nature to prey or parasitize the pests, thereby reducing the number of pests, eliminating pests and reducing pollution.
(1) Protecting natural enemies Soybean mites have more natural enemies, and protecting natural enemies can do more with less. Therefore, when applying the medicine, the type and quantity of the application should be controlled, and the high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides should be used. Do not add the dosage and application concentration to ensure the survival, reproduction and increase of the population of the natural enemies to help the humans kill. Fire pests, inhibit the growth and development of pests, and reduce pest damage.
(2) Application of biological pesticides Biological pesticides have the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, no residue, and low resistance to chemicals. They can effectively kill fire pests, protect natural enemies, and not pollute the environment and soil. It is necessary to vigorously promote the control of diseases and insect pests such as bovine bacillus, bacillus bacillus, and Beauveria bassiana.
3, chemical agents control Ning medicine punishment has the advantages of quick effect, good effect and so on is one of the important means to ensure agricultural harvest. However, pesticides cannot be regarded as omnipotent, relying solely on pesticides and abusing pesticides. This will not only increase the cost of prevention, but also kill natural enemies, cause phytotoxicity to crops, cause humans and animals, poisoning and pollute the environment and agricultural products. Therefore, pesticides should only be used if other methods are not effectively controlled. The production of green food soybeans should be carried out in accordance with NY/T393-2000 guidelines for the use of pesticides.
(1) Prevention and control of root rot: 50% carbendazim plus 50% Fumei cream was used for seed dressing at a ratio of 1:1, and the dosage was 0.4% of the seed amount.
(2) Prevention and control of ash class and heartworm: At the end of July and early August, the initial pod stage of soybean was treated with 50% carbendazim 100g and 2.5%, so that 25-30cm spray was killed.
(3) Locust control: When aphids occur in the field, and 5% of the plants are rolled or have a plant rate of more than 50%, 100 plants should reach 1500 heads for field control, and the acreage is controlled by 20g spray.
4, weed control can be used after sowing soil pre-emergence and post-emergence stem and leaf treatment two methods, but should be based on post-emergence weeding. Specific methods: closed weeding can be controlled by 90% Hess or 90% acetochlor 80g or 72% durum 150 ~ 200ml plus 70% Saike 35 ~ 40g spray. Post-emergence weeding, control grass weeds can be used to catch net, fine grass grass, fine and stable, high-efficiency grass cover, these agents are safe for soybeans. For the control of broad-leaved weeds, Huwei, bentazon, weed burning, keiling, etc. can be used. It is forbidden to use long-term depletion and single-agent Pu Shite, Bean Yellow Drop and Guangshiling.
Second, the comprehensive prevention and control technology for the occurrence and characteristics of human bean diseases and insect pests, after four years of exploration and practice, we have summarized the comprehensive prevention and control technology of green soybean pests and diseases, namely, agricultural control, biological control and chemical control Auxiliary, Qichuan high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides, and gradually replaced the chemical control with cattle control, and achieved good results.
1. Green soybean production should start from the whole ecosystem of crops such as pests and diseases, and comprehensively apply various control measures to create environmental conditions that are not conducive to pests and diseases and to the proliferation of various natural enemies, and to maintain the balance and biodiversity of agro-ecosystems. Reduce the damage caused by various pests and diseases.
(1) Select anti-(resistant) disease, anti-(resistant), and insect-resistant varieties to control the high-yield varieties (25), Hefeng 35, and Shannong 14 of the pests and diseases, increase soybean resistance, and reduce the types of drugs. And the amount of medication used to reduce pollution.
(2) Reasonable rotation, not to repeat the sputum, not to smash, not only can inhibit harmful pathogens in the soil, especially diseases such as root rot that are infested by soil residual sources, but also reduce the population of pests, on soybean borers and roots. The density of insects in both the fly and the two leaves has a good control effect, and has different degrees of control effects on soybean cyst nematode and root rot.
(3) Scientific fertilization Rational fertilization can improve the nutrient conditions of plants and improve the ability of plants to resist pests and diseases. When applying fertilizer, it should be based on farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, and formulating fertilization with Shichuan P and K fertilizer. Adjust the proportion of fertilization and promote the stratified deep fertilization technology.
(4) Strengthening cultivation and management Reasonable close planting, timely sowing, timely tillage and weeding, promote the robust growth of soybean plants and enhance the ability to resist pests and diseases. Through cultivating and weeding, mechanically breaking the pathogens and insect sources, reducing the source of pests and diseases, and achieving the purpose of preventing pests and diseases should be timely turned over in the autumn, destroying the wintering place of larvae, reducing the amount of overwintering bacteria, increasing the mortality of larvae, and eliminating wintering adults. To alleviate the harm of the coming year.
2. Biological control Biological control is the development direction of green soybean pests and diseases. The use of beneficial insects and tiny objects in nature to prey or parasitize the pests, thereby reducing the number of pests, eliminating pests and reducing pollution.
(1) Protecting natural enemies Soybean mites have more natural enemies, and protecting natural enemies can do more with less. Therefore, when applying the medicine, the type and quantity of the application should be controlled, and the high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides should be used. Do not add the dosage and application concentration to ensure the survival, reproduction and increase of the population of the natural enemies to help the humans kill. Fire pests, inhibit the growth and development of pests, and reduce pest damage.
(2) Application of biological pesticides Biological pesticides have the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, no residue, and low resistance to chemicals. They can effectively kill fire pests, protect natural enemies, and not pollute the environment and soil. It is necessary to vigorously promote the control of diseases and insect pests such as bovine bacillus, bacillus bacillus, and Beauveria bassiana.
3, chemical agents control Ning medicine punishment has the advantages of quick effect, good effect and so on is one of the important means to ensure agricultural harvest. However, pesticides cannot be regarded as omnipotent, relying solely on pesticides and abusing pesticides. This will not only increase the cost of prevention, but also kill natural enemies, cause phytotoxicity to crops, cause humans and animals, poisoning and pollute the environment and agricultural products. Therefore, pesticides should only be used if other methods are not effectively controlled. The production of green food soybeans should be carried out in accordance with NY/T393-2000 guidelines for the use of pesticides.
(1) Prevention and control of root rot: 50% carbendazim plus 50% Fumei cream was used for seed dressing at a ratio of 1:1, and the dosage was 0.4% of the seed amount.
(2) Prevention and control of ash class and heartworm: At the end of July and early August, the initial pod stage of soybean was treated with 50% carbendazim 100g and 2.5%, so that 25-30cm spray was killed.
(3) Locust control: When aphids occur in the field, and 5% of the plants are rolled or have a plant rate of more than 50%, 100 plants should reach 1500 heads for field control, and the acreage is controlled by 20g spray.
4, weed control can be used after sowing soil pre-emergence and post-emergence stem and leaf treatment two methods, but should be based on post-emergence weeding. Specific methods: closed weeding can be controlled by 90% Hess or 90% acetochlor 80g or 72% durum 150 ~ 200ml plus 70% Saike 35 ~ 40g spray. Post-emergence weeding, control grass weeds can be used to catch net, fine grass grass, fine and stable, high-efficiency grass cover, these agents are safe for soybeans. For the control of broad-leaved weeds, Huwei, bentazon, weed burning, keiling, etc. can be used. It is forbidden to use long-term depletion and single-agent Pu Shite, Bean Yellow Drop and Guangshiling.
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