According to the analysis and forecast of the organization of experts from the National Agricultural Technology Center, it is expected that the overall pests and diseases of wheat in 2017 will occur, with an area of ​​960 million mu. Among them, scab is more prevalent in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southern wheat area of ​​Huanghuai. Stripe rust has serious risk in the northwestern Hubei, Hanjiang, south Henan, northwest and southwestern wheat areas. The aphids in northern China and yellow There is a big possibility in the wheat area in northern Huai. In order to effectively control the major pests and diseases of wheat and ensure the stable production and income of wheat, the following programs have been introduced.
1. Prevention and control objectives
Focus on prevention and control of wheat scab, stripe rust, sheath blight, aphids, larvae, wheat spiders and other "three diseases and three insects", the prevention and treatment rate of more than 90%, the proportion of specialized defense and control over 37%, high-yield creation demonstration The film achieves full coverage of the unified defense, the comprehensive control effect is more than 85%, the pest and disease damage loss rate is controlled within 5%, and the chemical pesticide use is significantly reduced.
2, prevention and control strategies
Adhere to the principle of adapting to local conditions, zoning governance, and classification guidance, adopting a combination of green prevention and control and chemical prevention, combining emergency treatment with continuous management, and combining prevention and control strategies with specialization and prevention and prevention of group prevention and control. Scientifically prevent and control major pests and diseases at key stages to ensure wheat yield and quality safety. Promote green prevention and control, pay attention to drug safety, and achieve pesticide reduction and control.
3. Prevention and control measures
(1) Key points of zone prevention and control
(1) North China wheat area. It mainly includes some northern winter wheat areas except the northeast and northwest, namely, the south of the Great Wall of Hebei Province, the central and southeastern parts of Shanxi Province, and the cities of Beijing and Tianjin. Among them, the wheat areas in the south and south of Shanxi and Hebei are dominated by wheat aphid, wheat spider, and midge, and both stripe rust and scab; other wheat areas are mainly wheat aphid and midge, and both wheat spider and leaf rust are considered.
(2) Huanghuai wheat area. It mainly includes all of Shandong Province, most of Henan Province, central and southern Hebei Province, Huaibei District of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces, Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province, and southwestern Shanxi Province. It is mainly caused by scab, stripe rust, sheath blight, powdery mildew, wheat bran, larvae, and wheat spiders, taking into account leaf rust and armyworm.
(3) The wheat area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Including Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan provinces, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Xinyang, Henan Province. Focus on scab, stripe rust, sheath blight, powdery mildew, and wheat aphid.
(4) Northwest wheat area. It mainly includes Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and the western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and parts of eastern Qinghai Province. It is mainly caused by wheat stripe rust and midea, and it takes into consideration wheat powdery mildew, wheat bran and wheat spider.
(5) Southwest wheat area. Including Guizhou Province, Sichuan Province, most of Yunnan Province, southern Shaanxi Province, southeastern Gansu Province and western Hubei. Mainly for wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew, taking into account wheat scab, wheat stubble and wheat spider.
(2) Main target of different growth periods
According to the different growth stages of wheat, it is necessary to clarify the main targets, make overall plans, and carry out mixed drugs and comprehensive prevention. The wheat should be treated with the control of sheath blight, stripe rust and stem-based rot, and the aphids, powdery mildew and wheat spiders in the seedling stage should be selected. The heading and flowering period is mainly to prevent and control wheat scab and sputum, and to take into account leaf rust and powdery mildew. In the later period, the prevention and control of wheat bran will be strengthened, and comprehensive drug use will be implemented to achieve a multi-effect. Throughout the whole process of wheat growth, closely monitor and timely control wheat stripe rust to prevent large-scale epidemic hazards.
(1) Wheat scab. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huanghuai and other perennial disease endemic areas, on the basis of strengthening fitness cultivation, we must grasp the key period of wheat heading and flowering, see flowers and drugs, actively prevent and curb disease epidemics. For high-sensitivity varieties, in the period from wheat heading to flowering, if the weather forecast has rainy, dew and foggy weather for the next 2 days, the first application time should be advanced to the heading stage. The medicinal variety may be selected from cymene, prochloraz, tebuconazole, carbendazim, thiram, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, carbendazim, acesulfame, tebuconazole, sputum, tebuconazole. , Bacillus subtilis, Jinggang · Brass, etc., should use the amount of foot liquid, 3-6 hours after application of the rain, should be timely after the rain. In case of serious epidemics, after the first prevention and treatment, it is necessary to spray 1-2 times every 5-7 days to ensure the control effect. In areas with high levels of resistance to carbendazim, the use of benzimidazoles should be discontinued and rotation and mixed use should be advocated. The sporadic area of ​​scab can be combined with other pest control, and the treatment is carried out at the heading and flowering stage.
(2) Wheat stripe rust. Strengthen disease surveillance and implement zoning prevention and treatment. In the southwestern, Hanshui River Basin, southern Henan Province, Gansu Weinan and other major winter-professional areas, it is necessary to block the diseased land, comprehensively implement the "drug detection, management and maintenance" preventive measures, reduce the spread of bacterial sources, and prevent the Huanghuai and North China wheat areas. Spread and spread, reduce the prevalence of late winter wheat and spring wheat. In the spring epidemic area of ​​Huanghuai, the prevention and control strategy of “discovering one point, preventing one piece†was implemented, and the disease center was controlled in time; when the average diseased leaf rate in the field reached 0.5%-1%, large-area emergency prevention and control was organized, and similar areas were achieved. Prevention and control of full coverage. The control agent may be selected from the group consisting of triazolone, diniconazole, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, oxazolol, propiconazole, ether oxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic, enebendazole Wait.
(3) Wheat sheath blight and powdery mildew. When the wheat is greened to the early stage of jointing, when the rate of the sheath blight is about 10%, spray control is carried out. The drug may be selected from tebuconazole, propiconazole, diniconol, Jinggangmycin A (selection of high-content preparation), polymycin, Trichoderma, Jinggang·Bacillus. When the leaf rate of powdery mildew disease reaches 10%, spray control is carried out. Commonly used agents are triazolone, diniconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, prochloraz, ether fungus ester, enestrobin and the like. If the field occurs seriously, it should be sprayed once more every 7-10 days. To use the amount of liquid medicine, align the base and evenly spray it to improve the control effect.
(4) Wheat sucking insects. In the high-density area, we should focus on the two key links of soil treatment in the middle and late stage and spraying control in the adult stage. The general occurrence area is mainly to control the adults before heading to flowering. In the flood season, when there are more than 4 insects per small square soil sample (10×10×20cm) at the booting stage of wheat, phoxim and fenthion are used to make toxic soil, and the mulberry ridge is uniformly applied. Watering after poisoning the soil is better. At the heading stage of wheat, when there are more than 25 adults per 10 times of nets, or if you use two hands to open the ridge, you can see phoxim, chlorpyrifos, beta-cyhalothrin, chlorine when you can see more than 2 adult worms at a glance. Pesticides such as fluoro-imidacloprid are sprayed and controlled. The recurrence area was administered twice a day for 3 days to ensure the effect.
(5) Wheat aphids. When the seedling volume reaches more than 500 heads per 100, it should be focused on the treatment. At the ear of the field, the amount of sputum in the field is more than 1,000, and when the ratio of beneficial to harm (natural enemies: aphids) is less than 1:150, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, anti-carbamate, lambda-cypermethrin, and sophora flavescens can be used. Spraying prevention and treatment of alkali, ear mold and the like. When mixed with pests and diseases at the ear of wheat, comprehensive prevention and control at the ear stage should be carried out in time. In areas with conditions, it is recommended to release the bee to carry out biological control; the locusts in the North China wheat area can be moved in the middle and late March, and yellow traps are placed in the field to trap the winged mites to reduce the number of insect populations and reduce Hazard at the ear.
(6) Mai spider. In the rejuvenation jointing stage, when the average 33 cm line length is more than 200, the avermectin, bifenthrin, mala phoxim, biphenyl, triazophos and other agents can be sprayed and controlled. It can be controlled by agricultural measures such as deep tillage, weeding, fertilizer application, and irrigation.
4, green prevention and control and professional control
(1) The whole process of prevention and control of wheat stripe rust: adopt the technical measures of “strengthening monitoring, timely prevention and control, discovering one point, controlling one piece, discovering one piece and controlling the whole fieldâ€. According to the actual situation of the stripe rust in northwestern Hubei, Jianghan Plain and southern Henan this year, the disease is early, the disease is many, the scope is wide, and the risk of spring is high. The area should comprehensively carry out professional emergency prevention and control, strictly control the disease and prevent the strip. A large area of ​​rust is a hazard.
(2) Prevention technology of wheat scab: in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in the south of Huanghuai, pay close attention to the weather forecast for the heading and flowering period. If the weather forecast has rainy, dew and foggy weather in the next 2 days, it should be organized in the early stage of wheat flowering. Dominate, do see drugs, take the initiative to prevent.
(3) Integrated pest control technology at the ear stage: wheat heading to filling stage is a key period for the simultaneous occurrence of various diseases and insect pests such as scab, stripe rust, powdery mildew, leaf rust, wheat bran, and midge, and suitable for use. The fungicides and insecticides are scientifically mixed, and the comprehensive application of drugs, prevention and treatment of insects, a spray and multi-effect. The re-emergence area of ​​the larvae is fully utilized for the duration of the drug, and the prevention and treatment time is appropriately advanced, and the drug is used during the initial period of adulthood.
The commonly used pesticide types are as follows:
Insecticides: imidacloprid, acetamiprid, pymetrozine, thiamethoxam, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin, fenvalerate, dichlorvos, pirimicarb, avermectin, bitter Alkali and so on. Among them, imidacloprid and acetamiprid should not be used alone, and should be mixed with low-toxic organophosphorus pesticides.
Fungicide: triadimefon, diniconazole, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole, difenoconazole, prochloraz, epoxiconazole, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, cyanobacteria Ester, Bacillus cereus, Jinggangmycin and the like.
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